Antimyotoxic Activity of Synthetic Peptides Derived from Bothrops atrox Snake Gamma Phospholipase A2 Inhibitor Selected by Virtual Screening.

BACKGROUND: Several studies have aimed to identify molecules that inhibit the toxic actions of snake venom phospholipases A2 (PLA2s). Studies carried out with PLA2 inhibitors (PLIs) have been shown to be efficient in this assignment. OBJECTIVE: This work aimed to analyze the interaction of peptides derived from Bothrops atrox PLIγ (atPLIγ) with a PLA2 and to evaluate the ability of these peptides to reduce phospholipase and myotoxic activities. METHODS: Peptides were subjected to molecular docking with a homologous Lys49 PLA2 from B. atrox venom modeled by homology. Phospholipase activity neutralization assay was performed with BthTX-II and different ratios of the peptides. A catalytically active and an inactive PLA2 were purified from the B. atrox venom and used together in the in vitro myotoxic activity neutralization experiments with the peptides. RESULTS: The peptides interacted with amino acids near the PLA2 hydrophobic channel and the loop that would be bound to calcium in Asp49 PLA2. They were able to reduce phospholipase activity and peptides DFCHNV and ATHEE reached the highest reduction levels, being these two peptides the best that also interacted in the in silico experiments. The peptides reduced the myotubes cell damage with a highlight for the DFCHNV peptide, which reduced by about 65%. It has been suggested that myotoxic activity reduction is related to the sites occupied in the PLA2 structure, which could corroborate the results observed in molecular docking. CONCLUSION: This study should contribute to the investigation of the potential of PLIs to inhibit the toxic effects of PLA2s.

Localización de la arteria poplítea y su relación con el riesgo vascular en la sutura del cuerno posterior del menisco externo / Location of the popliteal artery and its relationship with the vascular risk in the suture of the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus

Introducción: La proximidad del cuerno posterior del menisco externo a la arteria poplítea condiciona un riesgo de lesión vascular en su sutura. El objetivo es definir la localización de la arteria poplítea, establecer la distancia mínima del muro posterior del menisco externo a la arteria, al nervio ciático poplíteo externo (CPE) y su correlación con otras variables. Material y método: Se revisaron retrospectivamente 102 resonancias magnéticas nucleares de pacientes operados en nuestro centro. Se seleccionó el corte axial donde se identificase adecuadamente el menisco externo y se realizaron el conjunto de mediciones. Resultados: La arteria se localizó lateral a la línea media antero-posterior en el 94% de los casos. La distancia mínima media del muro posterior del menisco externo a la arteria poplítea fue de 1,01 cm. (0,32-1,74, SD: 0,304). La distancia mínima media al CPE fue de 1,74 cm. (0,75-2,87, SD: 0,374). No se encontró una correlación de la distancia del muro posterior a la arteria poplítea con la altura, el peso, el IMC, el diámetro del menisco externo ni el diámetro de la meseta tibial. Se encontró una correlación entre la distancia del muro posterior al CPE con el peso y el IMC. Conclusiones: La proximidad del muro posterior a la arteria poplítea debe ser tenida en cuenta a la hora de realizar suturas. Esta distancia está dentro de la profundidad recomendada en los dispositivos de sutura «todo-dentro» y no está en relación con la talla, el peso, el IMC, el tamaño del menisco externo ni la meseta tibial (AU)

Introduction: The proximity of the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus to the popliteal artery determines a risk of vascular injury in its suture. The aim of this study is to determine the location of the popliteal artery, and to establish the minimal distance from the posterior wall of the lateral meniscus to the artery, the common peroneal nerve (CPN), and its correlation to other variables. Material and methods: A total of 102 magnetic resonance studies were retrospectively reviewed from patients undergoing surgery at our institution. The axial section where the lateral meniscus could be clearly defined was selected, and the measurements were performed. Results: The artery lay laterally to the midline in 94% of the cases. The minimal mean distance from the posterior wall of the lateral meniscus to the popliteal artery was 1.01 cm. (0.32-1.74, SD: 0.304). The minimal mean distance to the CPN was 1.74 cm. (0.75-2.87, SD: 0.374). No association was found between the minimal mean distance from the posterior wall to the popliteal artery with the height, weight, BMI, the lateral meniscus diameter, or the tibial plateau diameter. An association was found between the distance from the posterior wall to the CPN with the weight and the BMI. Conclusions: The proximity of the posterior horn to the popliteal artery should be considered when performing sutures. This distance is within the recommended depth for all-inside meniscus repair devices. This distance is not related to height, weight, BMI, lateral meniscus nor tibial plateau diameters (AU)

Location of the popliteal artery and its relationship with the vascular risk in the suture of the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus.

INTRODUCTION: The proximity of the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus to the popliteal artery determines a risk of vascular injury in its suture. The aim of this study is to determine the location of the popliteal artery, and to establish the minimal distance from the posterior wall of the lateral meniscus to the artery, the common peroneal nerve (CPN), and its correlation to other variables. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 102 magnetic resonance studies were retrospectively reviewed from patients undergoing surgery at our institution. The axial section where the lateral meniscus could be clearly defined was selected, and the measurements were performed. RESULTS: The artery lay laterally to the midline in 94% of the cases. The minimal mean distance from the posterior wall of the lateral meniscus to the popliteal artery was 1.01cm. (0.32-1.74, SD: 0.304). The minimal mean distance to the CPN was 1.74cm. (0.75-2.87, SD: 0.374). No association was found between the minimal mean distance from the posterior wall to the popliteal artery with the height, weight, BMI, the lateral meniscus diameter, or the tibial plateau diameter. An association was found between the distance from the posterior wall to the CPN with the weight and the BMI. CONCLUSIONS: The proximity of the posterior horn to the popliteal artery should be considered when performing sutures. This distance is within the recommended depth for all-inside meniscus repair devices. This distance is not related to height, weight, BMI, lateral meniscus nor tibial plateau diameters.

La intradermo-reacción con sensitinas en población paraguaya no becegeizada / Intradermal reaction with sensitins in paraguayan population who had never received BCG vaccine

Este trabajo constituye la 2a. parte del trabajo previo denominado "La intradermo-reacción con sensitinas en población paraguaya". En la presente investigación hemos incluído exclusivamente a individuos que no habían recibido la vacuna BCG, encontrando, sobre 44 pacientes estudiados, una tasa de reactores significativos de 29,7 por ciento a las sensitinas utilizadas. Dentro de estos pacientes reactores, constatamos en ambos estudios un neto predominio de reactores al M. avium (60 por ciento y 90,9 por ciento respectivamente). Con esto, queda comprobada la alta tasa de infección de la población paraguaya a las micobacterias no TBC y específicamente al M. avium

La intradermo-reacción con sensitinas en población paraguaya no becegeizada / Intradermal reaction with sensitins in paraguayan population who had never received BCG vaccine

Este trabajo constituye la 2a. parte del trabajo previo denominado "La intradermo-reacción con sensitinas en población paraguaya". En la presente investigación hemos incluído exclusivamente a individuos que no habían recibido la vacuna BCG, encontrando, sobre 44 pacientes estudiados, una tasa de reactores significativos de 29,7 por ciento a las sensitinas utilizadas. Dentro de estos pacientes reactores, constatamos en ambos estudios un neto predominio de reactores al M. avium (60 por ciento y 90,9 por ciento respectivamente). Con esto, queda comprobada la alta tasa de infección de la población paraguaya a las micobacterias no TBC y específicamente al M. avium (AU)